Presidential historians have ranked the 45th President of the United States Donald Trump as one of the worst leaders in America’s history while ranking his predecessor Barack Obama amongst the top 10. The annual list compiled by historians ahead of Independence Day is a “cross-section of presidential historians and professional observers of the presidency ranked the country’s 44 former chief executives on 10 characteristics of leadership,” C-SPAN said in a press release.

The Daily Wire reports:

“Former President Donald Trump enters the ranks for the first time in the #41 position. His highest rankings were in Public Persuasion (#32) and Economic Management (#34). The historians ranked him in last place (#44) for Moral Authority and Administrative Skills,” the press release continued.

Obama, on the other hand, rose from his #12 ranking in 2017 to #10. In the category of “Moral Authority,” Obama ranked #6, behind only Lincoln, Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eisenhower, and Theodore Roosevelt. Trump ranked last in Moral Authority.

Participants in the survey included 142 historians and “professional observers of the presidency,” C-SPAN explained, adding that the team represented 50% increase since 2017, as well as one “reflecting new diversity in race, gender, age and philosophy.”

“C-SPAN’s success in assembling a truly diverse group of historians and professional observers of the presidency only strengthens an already strong poll,” said Amity Shlaes, chairman of the Calvin Coolidge Foundation.

The presidents who ranked below Trump were Franklin Pierce, who signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act that led to Bleeding Kansas; Andrew Johnson, who was impeached; and James Buchanan, whose feeble leadership is considered by many to be a leading factor in the Civil War.